New Hampshire House Passes Defend the Guard Act

Today, the New Hampshire House passed a bill that would require the governor to stop unconstitutional foreign combat deployments of the state’s National Guard troops.

By Mike Maharrey

Hat Tip to Dan Walton for bringing this to my attention.  Dan summarizes the importance: For anyone not aware, the Defend the Guard bill passed in the NH House earlier this month! This bill is part of a larger movement to get states to put their foot down and prohibit the deployment of National Guardsmen to overseas combat without a Declaration of War issued by Congress as required by the Constitution. Everyone, please urge your state senator to support this bill! And then eventually the governor too.

I think this bill is the first step in reigning in an overpowered executive branch and starting to undermine the Military Industrial Complex. It is also an excellent example of how the states can control the federal government. Libertarians in NH can help fix federal issues simply by winning in NH!

CONCORD, N.H. (Jan. 4, 2024) – Today, the New Hampshire House passed a bill that would require the governor to stop unconstitutional foreign combat deployments of the state’s National Guard troops.

Rep. John Potucek introduced House Bill 229 (HB229) on Jan. 9 with a bipartisan coalition of cosponsors. Titled the Defend the Guard Act, the legislation would prohibit the governor from releasing any unit or member of the New Hampshire National Guard into “active duty combat” unless one of these specific constitutional requirements is met.

The United States Congress has passed an official declaration of war or has taken an official action pursuant to Article I, Section 8, Clause 15 of the United States Constitution to explicitly call forth the New Hampshire national guard and any member thereof for the enumerated purposes to expressly execute the laws of the union, repel and invasion, or suppress an insurrection.

“Active duty combat” is defined as performing the following services in the active federal military service of the United States:

Participation in an armed conflict under Title 10 of the United States Code

Performance of a hazardous service relating to an armed conflict in a foreign state under Title 10 of the United States Code.

“Official declaration of war” is defined as “an official declaration of war made by the United States Congress pursuant to Article I, Section 8, Clause 11 of the United States Constitution.”

On Jan. 4, the House passed HB229 by a 187-182 vote.

Bring Our Troops Home has been working at the grassroots level to move the bill forward. In a post on X, the organization praised the vote, noting, “The largest legislative body in the English-speaking world has just struck an incredible blow against the DC empire.”

IN PRACTICE

Guard troops have played significant roles in all modern overseas conflicts, with over 650,000 deployed since 2001. Military.com reports that “Guard and Reserve units made up about 45 percent of the total force sent to Iraq and Afghanistan, and received about 18.4 percent of the casualties.” More specifically, New Hampshire National Guard troops have participated in missions in Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, Bosnia, and elsewhere.

Since none of these missions have been accompanied by a Constitutional declaration of war, the Defend the Guard Act would have prohibited those deployments.

BACKGROUND

Article I, Section 8, Clauses 15 and 16 make up the “militia clauses” of the Constitution. Clause 16 authorizes Congress to “provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia.” Through the Dick Act of 1903, Congress organized the militia into today’s National Guard, limiting the part of the militia that could be called into federal service rather than the “entire body of people,” which makes up the totality of the “militia.” Thus, today’s National Guard is governed by the “militia clauses” of the Constitution, and this view is confirmed by the National Guard itself.

Clause 15 delegates to Congress the power to provide for “calling forth the militia” in three situations only: 1) to execute the laws of the union, 2) to suppress insurrections, and 3) to repel invasions.

During state ratifying conventions, proponents of the Constitution, including James Madison and Edmund Randolph, repeatedly assured the people that this power to call forth the militia into federal service would be limited to those very specific situations, and not for general purposes, like helping victims of a disease outbreak or engaging in “kinetic military actions.”

RETURNING TO THE CONSTITUTION

The founding generation was careful to ensure the president wouldn’t have the power to drag the United States into endless wars. James Madison made this clear in a letter to Thomas Jefferson.

The constitution supposes, what the History of all Governments demonstrates, that the Executive is the branch of power most interested in war, & most prone to it. It has accordingly with studied care, vested the question of war in the Legislature.

Congress has abrogated its responsibility and allowed the president to exercise almost complete discretion when it comes to war. Passage of Defend the Guard legislation would pressure Congress to do its constitutional duty.

West Virginia Rep. Pat McGeehan served as an Air Force intelligence officer in Afghanistan and has sponsored similar legislation in his state.

“For decades, the power of war has long been abused by this supreme executive, and unfortunately our men and women in uniform have been sent off into harm’s way over and over,” he said. “If the U.S. Congress is unwilling to reclaim its constitutional obligation, then the states themselves must act to correct the erosion of constitutional law.”

Passage of Defend the Guard would also force the federal government to only use the Guard for the three expressly delegated purposes in the Constitution, and at other times to remain where the Guard belongs, at home, supporting and protecting their home state.

While getting this bill passed won’t be easy and will face fierce opposition from the establishment, it certainly is, as Daniel Webster once noted, “one of the reasons state governments even exist.”

Webster made this observation in an 1814 speech on the floor of Congress where he urged actions similar to the Florida Defend the Guard Act. He said, “The operation of measures thus unconstitutional and illegal ought to be prevented by a resort to other measures which are both constitutional and legal. It will be the solemn duty of the State governments to protect their own authority over their own militia, and to interpose between their citizens and arbitrary power. These are among the objects for which the State governments exist.”

WHAT’S NEXT

HB229 will now move to the Senate. It will be referred to a committee where it must get a hearing and vote before moving forward in the legislative process. An “ought to pass” recommendation in committee would significantly improve its passage in the Senate.

Tags: Defend the Guard, HB229, New Hampshire, War Powers

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